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Radical right (Europe)
In political science, the term radical right has been used to refer to the range of European right-wing parties that have grown in support since the late 1970s. Those political parties which have been labelled as such have varied in their specific ideological approach, from right-wing populism to white nationalism and fascism. However, they have shared a number of common causes, which typically include criticism of immigration and multiculturalism, Eurosceptic opposition to the European Union, and social conservatism.
Also part of this milieu are extra-parliamentary right-wing groups. These consist of right-wing extremist groups such as white power skinheads, as well as organisations devoted to scientific racism and Holocaust denial.
==Terminology and definition==
In 1996, the Dutch political scientist Cas Mudde noted that in most European countries, the terms "radical right" and "extreme right" were used interchangeably. He cited Germany as an exception, noting that among political scientists in that nation, the term "radical right" (''Rechsradikalismus'') was used in reference to those right-wing groups who were outside the political mainstream but who did not threaten "the free democratic order"; the term was thus used in contrast to the "extreme right" (''Rechsextremen''), which referred to groups which did threaten the constitutionality of the state and could therefore be banned under German law.
The term "radical right" originated in U.S. political discourse, where it was applied to various anti-communist groups active in the 1950s era of McCarthyism. The term and accompanying concept then entered Western Europe through the social sciences. Conversely, the term "right-wing extremism" developed among European scholars, particularly those in Germany, to describe right-wing groups that developed in the decades following the Second World War such as the West German National Democratic Party and the French Poujadists. This term then came to be adopted by some scholars in the U.S.
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